Questions You Should Know about Nitrogen Dioxide Gas Supplier

What Is Nitrogen Dioxide?

Nitrogen dioxide, or NO2, is a gaseous air pollutant composed of nitrogen and oxygen and is one of a group of related gases called nitrogen oxides, or NOx. Nitrogen dioxide forms when fossil fuels such as coal, oil, methane gas (natural gas) or diesel are burned at high temperatures. NO2 and other nitrogen oxides in the outdoor air contribute to particle pollution and to the chemical reactions that make ozone. It is one of six widespread air pollutants for which there are national air quality standards to limit their levels in the outdoor air. NO2 can also form indoors when fuels like wood or gas are burned.

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What Are the Health Effects of Nitrogen Dioxide Pollution?

Nitrogen dioxide causes a range of harmful effects on the lungs, including:

• Increased inflammation of the airways;
• Worsened cough and wheezing;
• Reduced lung function;
• Increased asthma attacks; and
• Greater likelihood of emergency department and hospital admissions.

Scientific evidence suggests that exposure to NO2 could likely cause asthma in children.

A review of multiple studies found that elevated levels of NO2, as well as elevated particulate matter and sulfur dioxide, were strongly associated with heart and lung harm, affected pregnancy and birth outcomes, and were likely associated with increased risk of kidney and neurological harm, autoimmune disorders and cancer.

What Are the Sources of Nitrogen Dioxide Emissions?

As of , human-made sources in the U.S. emit 7.64 million short tons of nitrogen oxides per year (down from 15 million short tons per year in ) mainly from burning fuels. Trucks, buses, and cars are the largest sources of NO2 emissions, followed by diesel-powered non-road equipment, industrial processes such as oil and gas production, industrial boilers and other movable engines, and coal-fired power plants. Emissions of nitrogen dioxide will decline as cleanup of many of these sources continue in future years.

Where Do High NO2 Concentrations Occur?

Monitors show the highest concentrations of outdoor NO2 in large urban regions such as the Northeast corridor, Chicago and Los Angeles. Levels are higher on or near heavily traveled roadways.

It is important to note that NO2 and other nitrogen oxides are also produced from burning natural gas (methane), both outdoors and indoors. Outdoors, this can include gas-fired power plants and from facilities that extract, process or transport oil and gas if they burn it in flares or to power equipment. Indoors, appliances such as stoves, dryers and space heaters that burn natural gas, liquified petroleum gas (or LPG, which includes propane and butane) and kerosene can produce substantial amounts of nitrogen dioxide. If those appliances are not fully vented to the outside, levels of NO2 can build up to unhealthy levels indoors.

Who Is at Risk?

While everyone is at risk from health impacts of nitrogen dioxide pollution, those that live near the emission sources are at higher risk. Other vulnerable subpopulations at higher risk from nitrogen dioxide exposure include:

• Individuals who are pregnant;
• Infants, children and teens;
• Older adults (>65 years of age);
• People with pre-existing medical conditions such as asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), cardiovascular disease, diabetes, lung cancer
• Current or former smokers;
• People with low socioeconomic status; and
• People of color.

What Can We Do about It?

The good news is that for much of the nation, the outdoor air has much lower levels of nitrogen dioxide now than in previous decades. Under the federal Clean Air Act, more protective standards nationwide have helped drive down nitrogen dioxide emissions. Power plants, industrial sites and on-road vehicles are cleaner than they used to be, which has driven nationwide improvement in air quality. However, far too many people still breathe in unhealthy levels of nitrogen dioxide pollution.

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Individuals can take steps to protect themselves on days with unhealthy levels of air pollutants and also ask policymakers at all levels of government to continue to require cleanup of air pollution.

What is NO2 and how does it get in the air?

Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) is one of a group of highly reactive gases known as oxides of nitrogen or nitrogen oxides (NOx). Other nitrogen oxides include nitrous acid and nitric acid. NO2 is used as the indicator for the larger group of nitrogen oxides.

NO2 primarily gets in the air from the burning of fuel. NO2 forms from emissions from cars, trucks and buses, power plants, and off-road equipment.

Effects of NO2

Health effects

Breathing air with a high concentration of NO2 can irritate airways in the human respiratory system. Such exposures over short periods can aggravate respiratory diseases, particularly asthma, leading to respiratory symptoms (such as coughing, wheezing or difficulty breathing), hospital admissions and visits to emergency rooms. Longer exposures to elevated concentrations of NO2 may contribute to the development of asthma and potentially increase susceptibility to respiratory infections. People with asthma, as well as children and the elderly are generally at greater risk for  the health effects of NO2.

NO2 along with other NOx  reacts with other chemicals in the air to form both particulate matter and ozone. Both of these are also harmful when inhaled due to effects on the respiratory system.

Environmental effects

NO2 and other NOx interact with water, oxygen and other chemicals in the atmosphere to form acid rain. Acid rain harms sensitive ecosystems such as lakes and forests.

• Learn more about Acid Rain.

The nitrate particles that result from NOx make the air hazy and difficult to see though. This affects the many national parks that we visit for the view.

• Learn more about Visibility and Haze.

What is being done to reduce NO2 pollution?

EPA’s national and regional rules to reduce emissions of NO2 and NOx will help state and local governments meet the National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS).

• Learn about how air quality standards help reduce NO2

EPA identifies areas where the air quality does not meet the national NO2 standards. For these areas, state, local, and tribal governments develop plans to reduce the amount of NO2 in the air.

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