Things to Check Before Concreting Beams & Slabs - Academia.edu

1. INTRODUCTION Formwork is defined as temporary structure whose purpose is to provide support and containment for fresh concrete until it can support itself. It moulds the concrete to the desired shape and size and controls its position and alignment. The development of formworks is parallel with the growth of concrete construction throughout the 20th century. The advancement of technology, increase of population and the space limitation lead the way to construct high-rise buildings. But the task was not very easy at the beginning but now the man made the task easy by inventing new machinery and new techniques. The most important factor in terms of cost, quality and speed in a high-rise building construction project is the type of the formwork used in the project. The first formwork type to be used is the conventional type formwork where the timber planks were supported on timber columns. With the advancement of technology it developed gradually and people used ply wood sheets instead of timber planks and steel pipes with jacks were used to support the ply wood. Then people invented small units of formworks and connect the repeating units in the construction. The larger units were invented like formworks for slab panels, formworks for columns, beams etc. when the same elements are repeating. Then finally the whole system of formwork is made and initially the material used to it was steel and it was very heavy. Then the aim was to reduce the weight of the system and the materials for formwork have extended to aluminium, plastic, fibre glass etc. Aluminium formwork system provides aluminium formwork for RCC load bearing or RCC framed multi-storied buildings and enables the walls and slabs to be poured in same operation. These increases efficiency and also produces an extraordinarily strong structure with excellent concrete finish. Due to the fine tolerance achieved in the machined metal formwork components, consistent concrete shapes and finishes are obtained floor after floor. This allows plumbing and electrical fittings to be prefabricated with the certain knowledge that there will be an exact fit when assembled. As described by the manufacturers a low-cost system for housing using aluminium formwork. Aluminium formwork system is construction system for forming cast in place concrete structure of building. It is also a system for scheduling and controlling the work of other construction trends such as steel reinforcement, concrete placement and mechanical and electrical conduits. This type of construction requires a restructuring of the entire conventional construction process to enable interaction between the design phase and production planning in order to improve and speed up the construction. The speed of construction by this system will surpass speed of most of the other construction method.

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Erection and maintenance of site office and removal the same after completion of work in accordance with the conditions of contract. In addition to the office required for his own use, the Contractor shall provide and maintain furnished field office for the use of the Engineer and his staff. The field office is to have a concrete floor, adequate foundation, brick walls, false ceiling of hard board with seasoned Garjan wood frame and painted, and all windows are to be glazed and provided with steel grill. Outside and inside wall surface are to be painted on plaster acceptable to the Engineer. The field office shall be maintained in a secure and watertight condition by the Contractor until the completion of the contract and shall be provided with electricity, running water and sewerage. All doors shall be fitted with approved locks and windows shall be provided with screen/blinds. Before construction the Contractor shall submit plans and drawings showing proposed details and location for the field office, including foundations, access roads, shades, layout of electrical and water supply and hard standings thereto for the approval of the engineer. The Engineer may require revision of the plans prior to giving approval for construction. The Contractor shall also submit details proposed furniture, fittings and other items of equipment and plant to the engineer for approval. These items shall be of the standard quality suitable for site. The office, complete with furnishings, fittings, access roads and hard standings shall be ready for occupation by the Engineer within 28 days of the date when the Contractor first occupies the site. The Contractor will provide day and night guards and a tea boy for the field office. At the end of the project all materials, equipment and plant, furniture, fittings recovered from dismantling the office and removing access road will be the property of the Contractor. No interim payment shall be certified unless Engineer's office with required facilities are constructed and accepted by the Engineer. (This is a time related item. Proportionate payment for this item shall be made distributing in each bill on the basis of percentage progress of the whole works under contract)

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